Peterborough Cathedral
Sightseeing attraction | Peterborough | England | United Kingdom
The Peterborough Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral of St. Peter, St. Paul and St. Andrew, is one of the most impressive and historically significant sights in Peterborough, England. This magnificent Anglican cathedral, located in the heart of the city, is a masterpiece of medieval architecture and a place of great spiritual and cultural importance. Its history dates back over 1,300 years, and it stands as a testament to the religious and political development of England. With its striking west façade and intricate interiors, it attracts visitors from around the world who want to experience both the beauty of the architecture and the stories it holds.
The origins of Peterborough Cathedral can be traced back to the year 655, when an Anglo-Saxon monastery called Medeshamstede was founded by Peada, the son of the pagan King Penda of Mercia. This monastery was destroyed by Danish Vikings in 870, but was rebuilt in the late 10th century, around 966, laying the foundation for the later cathedral. Construction of the current church began in 1118 under the direction of Abbot John of Sées, following a fire that heavily damaged the previous Norman building. The majority of the cathedral was built in the Norman style, but construction spanned several centuries, incorporating Gothic elements as well. Particularly notable is the completion of the west façade in the early 13th century between 1200 and 1220, which is considered one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture in England.
The west façade is the most striking feature of the cathedral, often described as the "most splendid portico in Europe." It consists of three huge arches flanked by delicate columns and sculptures, giving the building a majestic presence. Above the arches rise two towers, originally topped with spires that were lost over time. Inside, the cathedral impresses with its Norman nave, with massive round arches and towering pillars creating an overwhelming sense of height and breadth. Particularly striking is the painted wooden ceiling of the nave, a rare medieval survival dating from between 1230 and 1250, depicting scenes from the Bible as well as geometric patterns. This ceiling is one of the oldest of its kind still in existence in Europe, and a priceless work of art.
Another highlight is the Presbytery with its Gothic architecture, added in the 14th century. Here lies the tomb of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII, who was buried in the cathedral in 1536 after her death at nearby Kimbolton Castle. Her tomb is a simple yet poignant site, often adorned with flowers, recalling the turbulent events of the Tudor era. Also of historical significance is the former resting place of Mary, Queen of Scots, who was buried here in 1587 before her remains were transferred to Westminster Abbey in 1612 by order of her son James I. These royal connections make the cathedral an important site in English history.
Throughout the centuries, the cathedral has survived many challenges. During the English Civil War in the 17th century, it was heavily damaged by Oliver Cromwell's troops: windows were destroyed, statues beheaded, and the choir stalls ravaged. Despite these damages, it was later restored, with work in the 19th century under the direction of George Gilbert Scott bringing new energy to the building. Today, the cathedral serves not only as an active place of worship for the Diocese of Peterborough, but also as a venue for concerts, exhibitions, and community events, highlighting its role as a vibrant part of the city.
For visitors, Peterborough Cathedral offers a wealth of impressions. The partially preserved cloister invites quiet walks and offers views of the gardens and the remains of the medieval monastery. The "New Building" area, a Gothic addition from the 15th century, features delicate fan vaults considered among the finest of their kind. The cathedral is also a place of silence and reflection, with the atmosphere enhanced by the light shining through the stained glass windows. A café in the cloister area provides a welcome break, and a small shop offers books, religious artifacts, and souvenirs.
The significance of Peterborough Cathedral lies in its architecture, its history, and its role as a spiritual center. It is a window into the past – from its Anglo-Saxon beginnings to the Norman heyday and through the turmoil of the Reformation and Civil War – and remains a living symbol of the continuity of faith and culture. Whether admiring the Gothic façade, visiting the tombs of historical figures, or simply enjoying the tranquility of the interior, the cathedral offers a profound experience that vividly brings England's rich past to life.
